The Law of Large Numbers

The Law of Large Numbers (LLN) is a fundamental theorem of probability. It states that if you perform the same experiment a large number of times, the average of the results will get closer and closer to the true expected value.

In simpler terms, it's why casinos are always profitable and insurance companies can accurately predict their payouts. While any single event is unpredictable, the average outcome over thousands or millions of events becomes incredibly stable and predictable. It's the principle that allows us to find order in chaos.